Spanish researchers used a Pinot Noir red wine for a study, to assess its effect, with and without alcohol, on biofilms of dental disease-causing bacteria from five volunteers. The researchers dipped the biofilms into the different liquids to see their effects on the survival and growth of the bacteria. They found that the red wine, both alcoholic and non-alcoholic, and wine spiked with grape seed extract, effectively got rid of the decay causing bacteria.