An infected tooth partially cleaned with flint tools represents the oldest known dentistry, says a new international study on a 14,000-year-old molar. The patient was a young man, about 25 years old, living in northern Italy. At that time, toothpicks were probably made of bone or  wood and were used to remove food particles between teeth. Since local anesthesia has not been discovered then, it is possible that it was a painful experience. In other historical findings, Beewax dental filling was discovered in a 6,500 year old human tooth from Slovenia, while dental drilling, likely to remove decayed tissue, was discovered in 9,000-year-old molars from a Neolithic graveyard in Pakistan. Today we are lucky to have better materials and techniques that allow us to provide a comfortable and long lasting treatment.